Measuring edge-of-field water quality: Where we have been and the path forward

I-36: Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis - Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is now considered routine in IVF laboratories with micromanipulation capability and access to genetic diagnostic services. The past two decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of PGD, the number of cycles performed, and the indications for which PGD has been used. This increase has been mirrored by a slow, but steady, increase in the range o...

Where we have been, where we are going.

Revisiting the diagnosis of schizophrenia: where have we been and where are we going?

Appropriate and reliable classification of mental illness is crucial for advancing the field of psychiatry as agreement on diagnosis has broad implications for treatment of mental disorders and research into the etiopathophysiology of mental disorders. Since schizophrenia was first recognized by Kraepelin (as dementia praecox), there has been much discussion about what does and does not diagnos...

The obesity pandemic: where have we been and where are we going?

Obesity, a new pandemic, is associated with an increased risk of death, morbidity, and accelerated aging. The multiple therapeutic modalities used to promote weight loss are outlined with caution, especially for patients who are very young or old. Except for very rare single gene defects, the inheritance of obesity is complex and still poorly understood, despite active investigations. Recent ad...

The origin of human aneuploidy: where we have been, where we are going.

Aneuploidy is the most common chromosome abnormality in humans, and is the leading genetic cause of miscarriage and congenital birth defects. Since the identification of the first human aneuploid conditions nearly a half-century ago, a great deal of information has accrued on its origin and etiology. We know that most aneuploidy derives from errors in maternal meiosis I, that maternal age is a ...